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ProgPath
Joined: 19 Sep 2020
Posts: 4
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| PWM frequency for Timer2 |
 Posted: Sun Sep 20, 2020 2:43 am |
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Hello,
It's about PIC18F46K22 running at 64 MHz.
I was trying to understand a code which says:
| Code: | | setup_timer_2(T2_DIV_BY_4, 140, 1); // PWM frequency is 28.369 kHz |
I think that Timer2 is 8 bit. I don't understand the PWM frequency is 28.369 kHz.
CCS Compiler Reference Manual says:
| Quote: | setup_timer_2 (mode, period, postscale)
mode may be one of: T2_DISABLED, T2_DIV_BY_1, T2_DIV_BY_4, T2_DIV_BY_16. Period is a int 0-255 that determines when the clock value is reset. Postscale is a number 1-16 that determines how many timer overflows before an interrupt: (1 means once, 2 means twice, and so on) |
Can you please help me to figure out how 28.369 kHz is calculated? |
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PCM programmer
Joined: 06 Sep 2003
Posts: 21708
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| Posted: Sun Sep 20, 2020 3:49 am |
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This is the PWM formula:
| Code: |
Crystal Frequency
PWM Freq = -----------------------------------------
(PR2 + 1) * (Timer2 Prescaler) * 4
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Ttelmah
Joined: 11 Mar 2010
Posts: 19537
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| Posted: Sun Sep 20, 2020 3:58 am |
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The key things to note are the '+1', and that it is Fosc/4, that feeds the
timer prescaler (this is the '*4 in the calculation).
Gives 28368.794 Hz for the example you post.
Rounded to the nearest Hz 28369. |
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ProgPath
Joined: 19 Sep 2020
Posts: 4
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| Posted: Sun Sep 20, 2020 5:28 pm |
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Thanks very much!
PWM Freq = (64*10^6) / {(140+1)*(4)*4} = 28368.9 Hz
| Code: |
Crystal Frequency
PWM Freq = -----------------------------------------
(PR2 + 1) * (Timer2 Prescaler) * 4 |
In the formula posted by @PCM programmer "PR2" is period, "Timer2 Prescalar" is prescalar, what's the purpose of "4"?
The reference manual says that for the Timer2 period is a int 0-255 that determines when the clock value is reset. I think that an interrupt is generated when clock value is reset. Please correct me if I'm wrong. |
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PCM programmer
Joined: 06 Sep 2003
Posts: 21708
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| Posted: Sun Sep 20, 2020 7:17 pm |
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| ProgPath wrote: | | what's the purpose of "4"? |
Did you read Ttelmah's post ? He gave the reason for the '4'.
| ProgPath wrote: | | I think that an interrupt is generated when clock value is reset. |
The mid-range PIC reference manual says:
| Quote: |
Timer2 always resets to zero when it equals PR2 and flag bit TMR2IF
always gets set at this time. By putting FFh into PR2, you will get an
interrupt on overflow at FFh.
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Setting TMR2IF generates an interrupt. This occurs when it hits the
period count of 140 in your posted code.
See Question 6 on page 15:
http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/31014a.pdf |
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ProgPath
Joined: 19 Sep 2020
Posts: 4
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| Posted: Sun Sep 20, 2020 8:43 pm |
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| PCM programmer wrote: | | ProgPath wrote: | | what's the purpose of "4"? |
Did you read Ttelmah's post ? He gave the reason for the '4'. |
Hello,
Yes, I read what Ttelmah wrote: "The key things to note are the '+1', and that it is Fosc/4, that feeds the timer prescaler (this is the '*4 in the calculation)."
So, "4" is in a way predefined 'prescalar' which divides the oscillator frequency by 4 by default. I was confused before.
Thanks very much! |
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Ttelmah
Joined: 11 Mar 2010
Posts: 19537
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| Posted: Mon Sep 21, 2020 12:18 am |
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Exactly.
It's actually the 'instruction clock'. Lot's of things in the PIC run off Fosc/4
rather than Fosc. This is the clock rate of a single processor instruction.
In fact using Fosc, is the unusual rate, Fosc/4 is the commonest rate.
This is the clock that is fed 'out' of the chip if you enable a clock output,
and if you look at the timer block diagrams (so for example Fig 13-1for
Timer2/4/6), you will see that the clock being fed in on the left is 'Fosc/4'.
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ProgPath
Joined: 19 Sep 2020
Posts: 4
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| Posted: Mon Sep 21, 2020 1:55 am |
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| Thanks very much! Very nice of you guys. |
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